[3], Abdullah, alone among the Arab leaders of his generation, was considered a moderate by the West. Iraq is a very stable country, unlike Jordan. Helps you prepare job interviews and practice interview skills and techniques. [51], In 1983 American president Ronald Reagan suggested a peace plan that became known as the Reagan plan, similar to Hussein's 1972 federation plan. [59], Despite the fact that the protests were triggered by a troubling economic situation, the crowds' demands became political. [13] Abdullah's relations with the British Captain T. E. Lawrence were not good, and as a result, Lawrence spent most of his time in the Hejaz serving with Abdullah's brother, Faisal, who commanded the Arab Northern Army. [67] Due to the close relationship forged with Rabin during the negotiations of the treaty, Hussein was invited to give a speech during Rabin's funeral in Jerusalem. [57] Jordan introduced austerity measures to combat the economic crisis. [5][6] The Hashemites, the oldest ruling dynasty in the Muslim world, are the second-oldest-ruling dynasty in the world (after the Imperial House of Japan). [62] To Hussein's dismay, Egyptian president Husni Mubarak refused to reverse his position and called for Iraq's unconditional withdrawal from Kuwait. [52] The accord was opposed by Israel and garnered no international support from either the United States or the Soviet Union. [8] Prime Ministers under Abdullah formed 18 governments during the 23 years of the Emirate. [84], The UN General Assembly held an Emergency Special Session in "Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty the King of Jordan" on the same day. [39] The organization claimed responsibility for the assassination of Jordanian prime minister Wasfi Tal in 1971, and the highly publicized 1972 Munich massacre against Israeli athletes. He distrusted the leaders of the other Arab nations and thought they had weak military forces; the other Arabs distrusted Abdullah in return. [74] He stayed in the clinic until the end of 1998, while his brother Hassan, who had been crown prince since 1965, acted as regent. [10], The 1955 Baghdad Pact was a Western attempt to form a Middle Eastern alliance to counter Soviet influence and Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt. [58] On 18 April riots in Ma'an spread to other southern towns such as Al-Karak and Tafila, where the New York Times reported that around 4,000 people gathered in the streets and clashed with the police,[58] resulting in six protesters killed and 42 injured, and two policemen killed and 47 injured. Hon. [88] British aid in the early 1950s, American aid from 1957 onwards, Gulf aid in the 1960s and 1970s, Arab League and Iraqi aid in the early 1980s, and, after formalizing peace with Israel, American aid in the 1990s. [101] His call sign was JY1, which inspired the name for Jordan's first cube-sat satellite, the JY1-SAT, which was launched in 2018. [14] [53] He helped mobilize Arab support for Iraq against Iran, and for Jordan's peace efforts, and helped to end the decade-long Arab boycott of Egypt – a boycott that began after it unilaterally signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979. [36] Al-Aqsa mosque is the third holiest site in Islam, believed to be where Muhammad ascended to heaven. [39] The fedayeen were driven out of Jordanian cities one by one until 2,000 fedayeen surrendered after being encircled in a forest near Ajloun on 17 July, marking the end of the conflict. [52] Around the same time, Hussein became troubled after he heard that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. [3], Abdullah negotiated with Britain to gain independence. [2] He proceeded to Harrow School in England, where he befriended his second cousin Faisal II of Iraq, who was also studying there. [32] Perception of King Hussein's efforts to come to peaceful terms with Israel led to great dissatisfaction among some Arab leaders. "[103], Hussein was also an avid fan of motorcycles. [65], Hussein was tasked by the United States with forming a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation to participate in the Madrid Peace Conference. [50] When Saddam became president of Iraq in 1979, Hussein supported Saddam's Iran–Iraq War that stretched from 1980 to 1988. [24] His visit to the United States gained him many friends in Congress after he spoke openly against Soviet influence in the Middle East, returning with a $50 million aid package. [52] Subsequent talks between the PLO and Jordan collapsed after the PLO refused to make concessions; in a speech Hussein announced that "after two long attempts, I and the government of Jordan hereby announce that we are unable to continue to coordinate politically with the PLO leadership until such time as their word becomes their bond, characterized by commitment, credibility and constancy. Many Jordanians believed that there was "nothing wrong with Talal and that the wily British fabricated the story about his madness in order to get him out of the way. [70] Two Mossad agents followed Mashal to his office and injected poison into his ears, but they were caught by Mashal's bodyguard. [57] The cabinet passed amendments to the electoral law that removed articles dealing with West Bank representation. [23] Hussein, worried about a similar coup in Jordan, tightened martial law. [88] From an early age he had to shoulder a heavy responsibility. [50] The relationship grew as Saddam provided Jordan with subsidized oil, and Jordan allowed Iraq to use the Port of Aqaba for its exports. [70] Israel's actions during the 1996 Qana massacre in Southern Lebanon, the Likud government's decision to build settlements in East Jerusalem, and the events at the Temple Mount where clashes between Palestinian and Israeli police ensued after Israeli tunnel diggings around the Mount, generated an uproar of criticism for Netanyahu in the Arab World. This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 20:18. [11] In early 1917, Abdullah ambushed an Ottoman convoy in the desert, and captured £20,000 worth of gold coins that were intended to bribe the Bedouin into loyalty to the Sultan. [88] Two years later, the 17-year-old schoolboy would become King. [83], Hussein's flag-draped coffin, accompanied by honor guard troops wearing Keffiyeh, was taken on a 90-minute procession through the streets of the capital city of Amman. [46] Hussein refused Sadat's request to allow the fedayeen's return to Jordan but agreed that in case of a military operation, Jordanian troops would play a limited defensive role in assisting the Syrians in the Golan Heights. Hon. [47] Such assumption would disturb British interests as it may lead to renewed calls to remove British forces and fully remove British influence from the country. [73] However, the crackdown led the opposition groups in Jordan to boycott the 1997 parliamentary elections. Instead, he laid siege to town. [8] In 1914, Abdullah paid a clandestine visit to Cairo to meet Lord Kitchener to seek British support for his father's ambitions in Arabia. [32], On 5 June 1967 the Six-Day War began after an Israeli strike wiped out Egypt's Air Force. [50], The coup, if it was a coup at all, failed due to lack of British support and because of the interference of Glubb Pasha to stop it. He is a man who believed that we are all God's children, bound to live together in mutual respect and tolerance." [26] Egyptian radios denounced Hussein as the "Judas of the Arabs. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. [70] He travelled to the Israeli town of Beit Shemesh to offer his condolences to the grieving families of the Israeli children killed. [19] Abdullah told Meir, "Why are you in such a hurry to proclaim your state? [10] The Saudis massed troops near Aqaba on Jordan's southern borders in January 1956, and only withdrew after the British threatened to intervene on Jordan's behalf. ACTION: Final rule. "[67] Subsequent negotiations culminated in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, signed on 26 October in a ceremony in Wadi Araba. [68] Hussein's popularity in Israel had peaked after the peace treaty was signed, and he was expected to express support for a candidate. "[86] Hussein was succeeded as king by his eldest son, Abdullah II. [29] One such reprisal was the Samu Incident, an attack launched by Israel on 13 November 1966 on the Jordanian-controlled West Bank town of As-Samu after three Israeli soldiers were killed by a Fatah landmine. [6], Abdullah's eldest son, Talal, was proclaimed King of Jordan. [52] A year and a half later, a renewed effort by Hussein to jumpstart the peace process culminated in the establishment of a Jordan–PLO accord that sought a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, an unprecedented milestone for the PLO and a Jordanian diplomatic victory. And to simply ignore that was something I could not understand. "[51] However, Arafat rejected Sharon's suggestion, and the fedayeen were transported to Tunisia under American cover. Start Preamble Start Printed Page 38212 AGENCY: Office of Foreign Assets Control, Treasury. [52] The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. 8 February 1999", "DEATH OF A KING: THE AMERICANS; Clinton Lauds King Hussein As Man of Vision and Spirit", "Expansion of KHCC to put centre on regional map – director", "Blair joins leaders for Hussein funeral", https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdullah-II, "International sports community pays tribute to FEI Honorary President HRH Princess Haya", "HRH Princess Haya Biog - The Official Website of HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein", "The Radio Society of Harrow - Dedication to JY1", "Crown Prince announces launch of first Jordanian mini satellite", "Defendant May Be Son of Hussein, Lawyer Says : Accused of Murdering Actress Mother in '86", https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf, "Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunnan suurristin ketjuineen ulkomaalaiset saajat", "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana", http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1965.pdf, "El rey Hussein de Jordania, premio Príncipe de Asturias de la Concordia", https://web.archive.org/web/20061016075344/http://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs/cpa/awards.asp}}, "Key Street in Astana Named After Late King Hussein", "Deputy Mayor of Amman welcomes a Chechen delegation to discuss strengthening of relations between Amman and Grozny", International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hussein_of_Jordan&oldid=1016007518, Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Royal Air Force officers holding honorary commissions, Collars of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud, Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm, Extraordinary Grades of the Order of Merit (Lebanon), Recipients of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali, Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria, Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from November 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein, "He won the respect and admiration of the entire world and so did his beloved Jordan. [65] At home, the Muslim Brotherhood considered Al-Masri and his government as too liberal, and the Brotherhood merged with independent Islamists and formed the Islamic Action Front (IAF), increasing its representation to 34 in the 80-member House of Representative, a force strong enough to bring down the royally appointed government with a motion of a vote of no confidence. [2] He was enthroned on 2 May 1953, the same day that his cousin Faisal II assumed his constitutional powers as king of Iraq. [10] Britain, Turkey, and Iraq were members of the pact, and Jordan was pressured by Britain to join. [60] The National Charter was drafted and ratified by parliament in 1991. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children: Princess Alia from Dina bint Abdul-Hamid; Abdullah II, Prince Faisal, Princess Aisha, and Princess Zein from Antoinette Gardiner; Princess Haya and Prince Ali from Alia Touqan; Prince Hamzah, Prince Hashim, Princess Iman, and Princess Raiyah from Lisa Halaby. I will take over the whole country and you will be represented in my parliament. [57] In 1986 a new electoral law was passed, which allowed the reintroduction of parliamentary elections to proceed smoothly. [70], Mounting opposition in Jordan to the peace treaty with Israel led Hussein to put greater restrictions on freedom of speech. [67] After 1995 Hussein became increasingly critical of Saddam's rule in Iraq. Abdullah went so far as to have secret meetings with the Jewish Agency (future Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir was among the delegates to these meetings) that came to a mutually agreed upon partition plan independently of the United Nations in November 1947. [70] He went on his knees in front of the families, telling them that the incident was "a crime that is a shame for all of us. In their Revolt and their Awakening, Arabs never incited sedition or acted out of greed, but called for justice, liberty and national sovereignty. [46] Both Emir Abdullah and Prime Minister Samir Al-Rifai were in favor of Talal's removal as heir apparent and replacement with his brother Naif. [88] The King reacted by introducing restrictions on freedom of speech, and changing the parliamentary electoral law into the one-man, one-vote system in a bid to increase representation of independent regime loyalists and tribal groups at the expense of Islamist and partisan candidates. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: الحسين بن طلال‎, Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As he was flying his own plane over Syria, it was intercepted by two Syrian jets that attempted to attack. Abdullah set about the task of building Transjordan with the help of a reserve force headed by Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Peake, who was seconded from the Palestine police in 1921. [68] Efraim Halevy, then head of the Israeli intelligence agency (Mossad), claims that Hussein had preferred Netanyahu over Peres as he had deeply mistrusted the latter. [83] At 11:43 on 7 February, Hussein was pronounced dead. [52], On 11 April 1987, after Yitzhak Shamir became prime minister of Israel, Hussein engaged in direct talks with Shamir's foreign minister, Peres, in London. [78] According to Jordanian government sources, Hussein stated that: I need very much to feel the warmth of my people around me, there is work to be done and I will get the strength from my people to finish the business. [45] The talks between Arab countries and Israel resulted in a deadlock. [100] He was popular in the amateur radio community and insisted that fellow operators refer to him without his title. [10] The country held parliamentary elections in October 1954, while the country's parties were not yet fully organized. Abdullah ruled until 1951 when he was assassinated in Jerusalem while attending Friday prayers at the entrance of the Al-Aqsa mosque by a Palestinian who feared that the King was going to make peace with Israel. [54] It called for Jordan rather than the PLO to represent the Palestinians; however, when Schulz contacted Hussein about the plan, he reversed his position and told him it was a matter for the PLO to decide. [65] The conference set a framework for negotiations, and PLO representatives offered to accept a Palestinian state under a confederation with Jordan. [6] He was succeeded by his eldest son Talal. "[70] Khaled Mashal recovered, but Jordan's relations with Israel deteriorated and Israeli requests to contact Hussein were rebuffed. In an article in Middle East Quarterly, he alleged that "extensive quotations from the reports of all three Jewish participants [at the meetings] do not support Shlaim's account...the report of Ezra Danin and Eliahu Sasson on the Golda Meir meeting (the most important Israeli participant and the person who allegedly clinched the deal with Abdullah) is conspicuously missing from Shlaim's book, despite his awareness of its existence". [78] Doctors advised him to rest and stay in England for a few weeks, as he was still too fragile to travel. [52] In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. A medal that had been pinned to Hussein's chest at his grandfather's insistence deflected the bullet and saved his life. [36] He was shot while attending Friday prayers at Al-Aqsa Mosque in the company of his grandson, Prince Hussein. [73] He was described as being a "benign authoritarian. [70] Furious, Hussein met with an Israeli delegate who attempted to explain the situation; the King said in a speech about the incident that he felt that somebody "had spat in his face. The country had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population as a result of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. [65] This allowed the United States to play a more active role in solving the decades-long Israeli-Palestinian conflict. [57] Hussein relented to the demands by dismissing Al-Rifai, and appointed Zaid ibn Shaker to form a new government. [88], He was also seen as too lenient toward some ministers who were alleged to be corrupt. "[26], Hussein would be subjected to several more assassination attempts. [83] The crowds chanted his name, some weeping, others holding his pictures. [21], The Lebanese, pro-Western government of Camille Chamoun was also threatened to be toppled by growing UAR-supported domestic opposition groups. [57] The National Charter sought to set a timetable for democratization acts. [17] Ultimately, the Peel Commission was not adopted. Why don't you wait a few years? [63] In late August and early September Hussein visited twelve Western and Arab capitals in an effort to promote a peaceful resolution. He then joined the siege of Medina commanding a force of 4,000 men based to the east and north-east of the town. [75] Batikhi discredited the King's brother Hassan, and often voiced his support for Hussein's eldest son Abdullah as successor. Abdullah assigned Hussein a private tutor for extra Arabic lessons,[9] and Hussein acted as interpreter for his grandfather during his meetings with foreign leaders, as Abdullah understood English but could not speak it. [54], Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank led to a slowing of the Jordanian economy. [44], After the 1967 war Gunnar Jarring was appointed by the UN as a special envoy for the Middle East peace process, leading the Jarring Mission. [65] The Brotherhood also refused to participate in the National Congress where the King hoped to gather support for a peace settlement. [35], By 7 June fighting led the Jordanians to withdraw from the West Bank, and Jerusalem's Old City and the Dome of the Rock were abandoned after desperate fighting. [70] In 1998 Jordan refused a secret request from Netanyahu to attack Iraq using Jordanian airspace after claiming Saddam held weapons of mass destruction. Twenty minutes later, another explosion went off;[26] it was intended for Hussein as it was expected he would run to the scene, which he did – he was a few minutes late. [9] A special relationship grew between the two. [10] A telegram from Jordan was brought in to Hussein while he was staying with his mother abroad in Lausanne, Switzerland, addressed to 'His Majesty King Hussein'. [23] On 14 July, an Iraqi unit stormed the royal palace in Iraq, executed all members of the Iraqi royal family, and mutilated the bodies of the crown prince and the Iraqi Prime Minister of the Arab Federation, Nuri Al-Said. [54] In a meeting in November 1988 the PLO accepted all United Nations resolutions and agreed to recognize Israel. Another plot was uncovered after a large number of cats were found dead in the royal palace; it emerged that the cook had been trying poisons to use against the king. According to Abdullah el-Tell it was the King's personal intervention that led to the Arab Legion entering the Old City against Glubb's wishes. Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Afghanistan INDIVIDUALS. It is the courage to face reality. Prince Naif left with his family to Beirut, his royal court advisor Mohammed Shureiki left his post, and the 10th Infantry Regiment was disbanded. [35] The Jordanians had prepared a war strategy, but the Egyptian commander insisted to build his strategy based on the misleading information from Egypt. If there are any worries it is Jordan that should be worried. [2] Hussein was the eldest among his siblings, three brothers and two sisters – Princess Asma, Prince Muhammad, Prince Hassan, Prince Muhsin, and Princess Basma. However, as Talal was receiving medical treatment abroad, Prince Naif was allowed to act as regent in his brother's place. [63] The United States, seeing Jordan's neutrality as siding with Saddam, cut its aid to Jordan – aid on which Jordan depended; Gulf countries soon followed. A few months into the experiment, he forced that government to resign, declaring martial law and banning political parties. [39], Jordan allowed the fedayeen to leave for Lebanon through Syria, an event that led to the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. Soon enough, Prince Naif began "openly expressing his designs on the throne for himself". [7], His maternal grandmother, Widjan Hanim, was the daughter of Shakir Pasha who was the Ottoman governor of Cyprus. [47] Between 10 September and 6 October, Hussein secretly met with Israeli prime minister Golda Meir in Tel Aviv on 25 September. "[10] He annulled the Anglo-Jordanian treaty and replaced British subsidies with Arab aid. [27] Hussein received a warm welcome after visiting West Bank cities afterwards. With very minor exceptions, Jews have lived for many centuries in the Middle East, in complete peace and friendliness with their Arab neighbours. [24], Hazza' Majali was appointed by Hussein to form a government; it consisted of loyalists who had persuaded Hussein to launch an offensive against the Iraqi government to restore the Hashemite monarchy. Every aspect of life was interrelated and interlinked in some way or another. "[26] But critics considered the slogan mere lip service, saying Hussein showed little interest in the economic situation of the country, unlike the military and foreign relations aspects. [88] He was dubbed the "fundraiser-in-chief": throughout his reign he managed to obtain foreign aid from different sources, leaving a legacy of a foreign aid-dependent Jordan. "Abdallah Ibn Hussein." [24] Sadiq Al-Shar'a, an army general who accompanied Hussein to the United States, was found to have been plotting a coup against the monarchy. That really aged me rapidly. [17] Two principal accounts emerged regarding the events at Zarqa, with the royalist version holding that the incident was an abortive coup by army chief of staff Ali Abu Nuwar against King Hussein, and the dissident version asserting that it was a staged, American-backed counter-coup by Hussein against the pan-Arabist movement in Jordan. [10] The country was poor in natural resources, and had a large Palestinian refugee population resulting from the war – the annexation of the West Bank had made Palestinians two-thirds of the population, outnumbering Jordanians. [10], The teenaged king inherited the throne not only of Jordan, but also of the West Bank, captured by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and annexed in 1950. [32] Jordanians believed that after this incident, Israel would march on the West Bank whether or not Jordan joined the war. [65] Hussein then replaced Al-Masri with his conservative cousin Zaid ibn Shaker. He was revered for pardoning political dissidents and opponents, and giving them senior posts in the government. However, Nabulsi then presented an expanded list, which Hussein refused to act upon. In 1994 he became the second Arab head of state to sign a peace treaty with Israel. [10], A three-man regency council made up of the prime minister and heads of the Senate and the House of Representatives was appointed until he became 18 (by the Muslim calendar). (see McMahon-Hussein Correspondence). [12] Palestinian fighters (fedayeen, meaning self-sacrificers) used Jordanian-controlled territory to launch attacks against Israel, sometimes provoking heavy retaliation. [52] Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein (Arabic: عبد الله الأول بن الحسين‎, Abd Allāh Al-Awal ibn Al-Husayn, 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the founder and ruler of the Jordanian realm from 11 April 1921 until his assassination on the 20th of July 1951. [42], The Jordanian prosecutor asserted that Colonel el-Tell, who had been living in Cairo since January 1950, had given instructions that the killer, made to act alone, be slain at once thereafter, to shield the instigators of the crime. "[90], During his 46-year-reign, Hussein, who was seen as a charismatic, courageous, and humble leader, became widely known among Jordanians as the "builder king. [27] During the summit Nasser also attempted to convince Hussein to purchase Soviet weapons, but the Americans provided Hussein with tanks and jets instead, with the understanding that they would not be used in the West Bank at Israel's request. [76] Encouraged by his presence, the two leaders agreed to resolve their difficulties. [18] Hussein reacted by imposing martial law. [62] Both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia viewed Hussein with suspicion – they distrusted him and believed he was planning to obtain a share of Kuwait's wealth. [27] The first direct contacts between Jordan and Israel started in early 1960s; Hussein had a Jewish doctor named Emmanuel Herbert who acted as intermediary between the two nations during Hussein's visits to London. [19] Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. In July, he received reinforcements from Egypt in the form of howitzer batteries manned by Egyptian personnel. [27] The young politician who worked to bring sweeping reforms resigned after Hussein sought to solidify his position following the rise of the Nasser-supporting Ba'ath party to the governments of Iraq and Syria in two 1963 coups. [citation needed] It is possible that he might have been willing to sign a separate peace agreement with Israel, but for the Arab League's militant opposition. [2], In 1989 the attorney of the son of American actress Susan Cabot alleged that her son (born in 1964) may have been Hussein's during their relationship of several years. [3][32] In 1949, Abdullah entered secret peace talks with Israel, including at least five with Moshe Dayan, the Military Governor of West Jerusalem and other senior Israelis. [76] Hussein, who looked bald and weakened, arrived and urged both Arafat and Netanyahu to overcome the obstacles. [62] After informing the American president George H. W. Bush of his intention to travel to Baghdad to contain the situation,[62] Hussein travelled to Baghdad on 3 August for a meeting with Saddam; at the meeting, the latter announced his intention to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait only if Arab governments refrained from issuing statements of condemnation, and no foreign troops were involved.

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